The ArcticSGD project investigates all aspects of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), as an essential component of biogeochemical budgets. Fresh SGD is a source of new nutrients, and the study of nutrients helps to understand nutrient cycles (recycled nutrients from sediments or new nutrients from groundwater) in the European arctic. We collected 600 samples from seawater and porewater in Hornsund, Kongsfjorden, Krossfjorden, Isfjorden, and Norwegian fjords. 500 samples are analyzed at biogeochemistry laboratory in IOPAN and remind of samples are analyzing soon. We will collect nutrients samples during the next cruise to Lofoten, from seawater and porewater to study SGD and the nutrients cycle in the canyons. Video Reza Saghravani

Measurements of DIC and Total Alkalinity samples, which were collected during AREX’21 in Spitsbergen (Svalbard) are carried out. DIC samples are analyzed using DIC analyzer (ApolloSciTech ™) and Trace Gas Analyzer (LI-COR ™) and Total alkalinity using Dosimat plus (Metrohm ™). Fot. Reza Saghravani

During our AREX’21 cruise in Arctic we collected also pore water for different parameters DIC, DOC, total alkalinity, metals, nutrients and chloride. Samples were also collected on the land expeditions by push-point lance. Obtained results for pore water profiles can deliver information about fluid transport in sediments. Fot. Reza Saghravani

During our AREX’21 cruise in the Arctic we collected water samples from the required depths in a water column for different parameters like DIC, DOC, total alkalinity, metals, nutrients, water isotopes and chloride. We observed interesting chemical profile. Fot. Reza Saghravani

Furthermore, we collected additional samples directly from ponds and springs. Based on the literature data, it has been revealed that springs and pingos can serve as  discharge points for subpermafrost groundwater in the Arctic. Literature data showed that pingo springs enable methane that has accumulated underneath the permafrost to escape directly to the atmosphere, our limited understanding of the groundwater system brings significant uncertainty to the understanding of how methane emissions will respond to changing (Hornum_2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4627-2020). Fot. Reza Saghravani

We collected 7 long cores in Isfjorden and Hornsund with length more than 150 cm. Recently, we decided to measure all parameters and additionally C-14 in pore water. Fot. Reza Saghravani